Labware

 WHAT ARE LABORATORY MATERIALS AND HOW TO USE LABWARE?

In the laboratory, products such as glass, plastic, paper, wood, steel, aluminum, rubber, metal, and porcelain are generally included in the category of labware.

A laboratory is a facility that allows scientific research, experiments, and measurements to be carried out in a controlled way, and the development of these scientific researches, experiments, and controlled measurements.

As an example, we can cite the following laboratories:

Medical or medical laboratories

• Chemistry laboratories

Mechanical test laboratory

• Film or photo lab

Computer lab

Scientific research laboratories are found in schools and universities, industrial, government, and military research facilities, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. While laboratories can be designed in such a way that only one person can work, there are also laboratories in the size and order that dozens of scientists can work at the same time.

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF LABWARE?

The basis of chemistry is matter. Chemical; It is the science that studies and applies the structure, properties, combination, interactions, and reactions of matter.

Most of the materials used in chemistry laboratories are made of glass material. Knowing these basic materials and knowing where to use them is very important for chemistry education. We will learn only the basic materials such as beaker (beaker), Erlen (Erlenmeyer), graduated cylinders (tape measure), pipettes, glass flasks, burettes, and separatory funnels among many materials.

Beaker

One of the laboratory equipment, the "beaker", is usually a cylindrical vessel with a flat bottom. Most have a small spout to aid pouring, as shown in the image below. Beakers are available in a wide variety of sizes, from ten milliliters to ten liters. They are manufactured from high temperature-resistant borosilicate glass.

It is glassware similar to the glass used in chemistry laboratories. They are cylindrical-shaped glass materials used in many processes such as solution preparation, mixing of substances, transferring, heating and crystallization. Made of high temperature resistant tempered glass. There is a corrugated part in the mouth part for the liquid to be poured easily.

Erlen

Erlenmeyer flask or titration flask, also known as a flask; is laboratory equipment with a cylindrical neck, a conical body, and a flat base. It is an important point that it is resistant to heat and chemicals. The conical sides and narrow neck of the bottle allow the liquids in the bottle to be mixed by turning without the possibility of spillage overflow. It is especially used in titration processes in analytical chemistry laboratories. It is used for many other purposes, from solution preparation to solution storage, from crystallization to similar laboratory operations.

It is a cone-shaped glass material with a flat bottom. It is used in titration processes. It is used for many more purposes, from solution preparation to solution storage, crystallization processes, and similar laboratory processes.

Measure ( Graduated Cylinder )

A measuring tape, measuring cylinder, or graduated cylinder is a common laboratory equipment used to measure the volumes of liquids. It has a narrow, cylindrical shape. Each line indicates the amount of liquid measured. They measure more sensitively and accurately compared to laboratory bottles and beakers, but they should not be used for volumetric analysis, more sensitive and accurate measuring volumetric glass equipment such as volumetric pipettes or flasks should be used. The liquid is kept at eye level, the liquid surface is observed and the midpoint of the meniscus is read. Typical measuring tapes range from 10mL to 1000mL.

To make a rough definition, it may be sufficient to say graduated cylinder for the measure. We can also define it as a glass container with compartments in ml, used to measure the volume of pure liquids and solutions. In general, it measures the volumes of liquids between 50 - 1000 ml much better. It is used during the preparation of media and dyes in the biochemistry laboratory. Basic chemistry and analytical chemistry laboratory courses are glass materials that measure and use liquid substances such as pure water or buffer solution. It is used only for measurements and transfers of approximate volumes of liquids. They are not very precise measuring cups.

Test tube

Test tubes are widely used by chemists, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. The spherical bottom and vertical edges reduce mass loss when pouring, making them easier to wash and allowing for convenient monitoring of contents. The long, narrow neck of the test tube slows the spread of gases into the environment. Test tubes intended for general chemical work are usually made of glass because of their relative resistance to heat. Tubes made of expansion-resistant glass, mostly borosilicate glass or quartz, can withstand high temperatures of up to several hundred degrees Celsius. It is a thin, long, one-side closed and one-side open test instrument that can withstand 100 degrees temperature in which chemicals are placed. They are cylindrical-shaped, small-diameter glass materials used to observe the interaction of substances with each other. There are various sizes available. The most commonly used ones are the ones measuring 15 x 1.5 cm. It is used in simple recognition experiments in qualitative analysis.

Pipette

Pipette; It is a laboratory instrument commonly used in chemistry, biology, and medicine, often to transport a measured volume of liquid. It allows the user to measure the volume of a solution with extreme precision. Typical volumes are 10, 25, and 50 mL. Volumetric pipettes are commonly used to make laboratory solutions from basic stock and to prepare solutions for titration.

They are glass materials used in the measurement of very sensitive and small amounts of liquid volumes and transferring liquid materials from one container to another at the desired size. It is divided into two groups graduated and full-gauge pipettes. 1 ml, 5 ml, and 10 ml graduated pipettes are the most commonly used pipettes in the laboratory. We can give examples of full-gauge pipettes, bullu pipettes, and Pasteur pipettes. Pasteur pipettes are disposable plastic pipettes for the safe transfer of liquids. They are quite useful. They are graduated automatic and disposable pipettes most used in laboratories. It is written on the volume in which it is and the temperature at which it is set.

Glass Balloon

Its body is a spherical, flat-bottomed, cylindrical glass material with a narrow neck. It can have a volume of 50 milliliters to 10 liters. It is used in the preparation and storage of solutions, heating, boiling, and performing some chemical reactions. Two or three mouth balloons are needed, especially in cases where operations such as mixing, adding, and gas passing must be done at the same time. Balloons with rim parts are also available. To prepare the medium in biochemistry laboratories where some chemical reactions are carried out; They are glass materials used in the preparation of some solutions in other laboratory courses, in heating and boiling processes, and in the preparation of various experimental setups by attaching them to the reflux. There are two or three-mouthed ones.

Burette

A burette is graduated glass equipment with a tap at one end to deliver known volumes of liquid, especially in titrations. It has a valve at its lower end and a taper with a conical capillary tube at the outlet of the valve. Fluid flow from the tube to the burette end is controlled by the stopcock valve. There are two main types of burette; volumetric burette and digital burette. These are classified as Class A and Class B.

They are tubular glass materials with 6 taps, generally, 50öml volumes, graded with lines, used in titration processes and for taking certain volumes of liquid. It is generally mixed with a pipette. It has a special grip style. It is an indispensable tool in analytical chemistry laboratories. While the faucet is on the left, the operation is performed by holding the faucet with two fingers of the right hand. A more efficient experimental study is performed with the burette used in this way. There are both automatic and manual ones, usually in the volume of 25 - 50 - 100 ml. It is used to measure liquid volumes in titration processes.

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